Litoropong tse khōlō, libaesekele tse sebelisang matla a motlakase le a maoto ho jara meroalo e boima butle-butle li nka sebaka sa literaka tse tloaelehileng tse tsamaisang thepa.UPS
Labobeli le leng le le leng, mohlankana ea lebōpong la leoatle ea palameng baesekele e makatsang ea mabili a mararo o ema ka jareteng ka ntle ho lebenkele la Kate ice cream Portland, Oregon, ho lata thepa e ncha.
O ile a kenya mabokose a 30 a ice cream ea Kate's merchandise-vegan cones le marionberry cobbler-ka mokotleng oa sehatsetsi, 'me a e beha le thepa e' ngoe ka lebokoseng la tšepe le kentsoeng ka mor'a setulo.A laetse thepa e fihlang ho lik'hilograma tse 600, a khanna ho ea leboea-bochabela ho Sandy Boulevard.
Leqeba le leng le le leng la pedal le ntlafatsoa ke enjene ea motlakase e khutsitseng e patiloeng ka har'a chassis.Ho sa tsotellehe ho laela koloi ea khoebo e bophara ba limithara tse 4, o ile a tsamaea ka tsela ea libaesekele.
Kamora 'mile le halofo, baesekele ea mabili a mararo e ile ea fihla ntlong ea polokelo ea thepa ea B-line Urban Delivery.Khampani e bohareng ba toropo, mehato e seng mekae feela ho tloha Nokeng ea Willamette.O pakela thepa matlong a manyenyane le a bohareng ho feta matlong a maholo a polokelo ao hangata a tsamaisang liphutheloana.
Karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea boemo bona e fapane le mekhoa e mengata ea ho qetela ea ho fana ka limaele kajeno.Ho bonolo ho nahana ka ts'ebeletso ea B-line joalo ka ntho e 'ngoe e makatsang ea Portland.Empa merero e ts'oanang e ntse e hola metseng e meholo ea Europe joalo ka Paris le Berlin.E ne e le molao feela Chicago;e amohetsoe New York City, moo Amazon.com Inc. e nang le libaesekele tse joalo tsa motlakase tse 200 bakeng sa ho tsamaisoa.
Katelyn Williams, mong’a ice cream, o itse: “Kamehla hoa thusa ho se be le teraka e khōlō ea diesel.”
Sena ke se hlokahalang bakeng sa ho fana ka lefatše la libaesekele tsa thepa ea motlakase kapa li-tricycle tsa motlakase tse ntseng li fetoha.Ke karoloana ea libaesekele tse thusoang ke pedal tsa motlakase tse ntseng li tsebahala haholo nakong ea seoa sena.Batšehetsi ba re likoloi tse nyenyane tsa motlakase li ka tsamaea sebakeng se sekhutšoanyane le ho isa thepa ka potlako libakeng tse nang le baahi ba bangata ba motse, ha li ntse li fokotsa tšubuhlellano, lerata le tšilafalo e bakoang ke literaka tsa forklift.
Leha ho le joalo, moruo ona ha o e-so pakoe literateng tsa United States tse ratang likoloi.Mokhoa ona o hloka ho nahanoa bocha hore na thepa e kena joang toropong.Ho na le bonnete ba hore mofuta o mocha o tsoang linaheng tse ling o tla baka likhohlano libakeng tse seng li tletse likoloi, bapalami ba libaesekele le batho ba tsamaeang ka maoto.
Libaesekele tsa thepa ea motlakase ke tharollo e ka khonehang ho e 'ngoe ea mathata a thata ka ho fetisisa litabeng tsa thepa.U fumana thepa joang ka sehokelo sa ho qetela ho tloha ntlong ea polokelo ho ea monyako?
Hlooho ea hlooho ke hore le hoja takatso ea ho fana e bonahala e se na moeli, sebaka se ka thōko ho tsela ha se joalo.
Baahi ba litoropong ba se ba ntse ba tloaelane le liveni tse emeng (le tse pakiloeng hape) le literempe tse nang le mabone a kotsi a benyang.Ho batho ba fetang ka tsela, sena se bolela tšubuhlellano e eketsehileng ea sephethephethe le tšilafalo ea moea.Ho batho ba tsamaisang thepa, sena se bolela litjeho tse holimo tsa thomello le linako tse tsamaeang butle.Ka Mphalane, bafuputsi Univesithing ea Washington ba fumane hore literaka tse tsamaisang thepa li qetile 28% ea nako ea tsona ea ho fana li batla libaka tsa ho paka.
Mary Catherine Snyder, moeletsi oa leano la ho paka makoloi oa Toropo ea Seattle, o ile a bontša: “Tlhokahalo ea mathōko a tsela e khōlō ho feta kamoo re hlileng re e hlokang kateng.Toropo ea Seattle e ile ea leka li-tricycle tsa motlakase le UPS Inc. selemong se fetileng.
Seoa sa COVID-19 se mpefalitse pherekano feela.Nakong ea koalo, liindasteri tsa litšebeletso tse kang UPS le Amazon li bile le litlhoro.Ofisi e ka 'na eaba ha e na letho, empa tsela e haufi le toropo e ne e koetsoe hape ke batho ba tsamaisang thepa ba neng ba sebelisa litšebeletso tsa Grubhub Inc. le DoorDash Inc. ho tsamaisa lijo ho tloha reschorenteng ho ea lapeng.
Teko e ntse e tsoela pele.Lik'hamphani tse ling tsa thepa li ntse li leka ho khona ha bareki ho qoba lemati, 'me ho e-na le hoo li kenya liphutheloana ka har'a linotlolo, kapa tabeng ea Amazon, ka kutu ea koloi.Li-drones li ka khoneha, le hoja li ka bitsa chelete e ngata ntle le ho tsamaisa lintho tse bobebe, tsa boleng bo holimo tse kang meriana.
Batšehetsi ba re libaesekele tse tharo tse tenyetsehang li lebelo ho feta literaka ’me li hlahisa mesi e fokolang ea mocheso.E khona ho tsamaisoa habonolo har'a sephethephethe, 'me e ka emisoa sebakeng se senyenyane kapa esita le ka thōko ho tsela.
Ho ea ka phuputso e mabapi le libaesekele tsa thepa ea motlakase tse kentsoeng Univesithing ea Toronto selemong se fetileng, ho nkela literaka tse tsamaisang thepa sebaka ka libaesekele tsa thepa ea motlakase ho ka fokotsa tlhahiso ea khabone ka lithane tse 1.9 ka selemo-le hoja libaesekele tse ngata tsa motlakase le literaka tse tsamaisang thepa hangata li hlokahala.
Mookameli oa B-line le mothehi Franklin Jones (Franklin Jones) o boletse lenaneong la morao-rao la marang-rang hore sechaba se teteaneng se fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa libaesekele.
Hore libaesekele tse tsamaisang thepa tsa motlakase li atlehe, ho tlameha ho etsoe phetoho ea bohlokoa: matlo a manyenyane a sebaka sa polokelo.Likhamphani tse ngata tsa thepa li lokisa matlo a tsona a maholo a polokelo mathōkong a toropo.Leha ho le joalo, kaha mefuta ea libaesekele e khuts'oane haholo, e hloka lisebelisoa tse haufi.Li bitsoa li-mini hubs.
Sebaka sena se senyenyane se bitsoang hotele ea thepa se se se ntse se sebelisoa Paris.Mabopong ana, k'hamphani e qalang e bitsoang Reef Technology e hapile lidolara tse limilione tse 700 ho tšehetsa sebaka sa eona sa ho paka makoloi khoeling e fetileng ho kenyelletsa le ho tsamaisa thepa ea ho qetela.
Ho latela Bloomberg News, Amazon e boetse e thehile litsi tse nyane tse 1,000 tsa kabo ho pholletsa le United States.
Sam Starr, moeletsi ea ikemetseng oa thepa e tšoarellang naheng ea Canada, o boletse hore ho sebelisa libaesekele tsa thepa, mabili ana a manyane a hloka ho hasanngoa ka har'a sebaka sa 2 ho isa ho 6 miles, ho latela bongata ba toropo.
United States, ho fihlela hajoale, liphetho tsa thepa ea elektronike ha li tsejoe hantle.Selemong se fetileng, UPS e ile ea fumana tekong ea li-tricycle tsa e-cargo Seattle hore baesekele e ile ea tlisa liphutheloana tse fokolang haholo ka hora ho feta literaka tse tloaelehileng sechabeng se phetheselang sa Seattle.
Boithuto bona bo lumela hore teko e nkang khoeli e le 'ngoe feela e ka ba e khuts'oane haholo bakeng sa phano ea libaesekele.Empa e boetse e bontša hore molemo oa libaesekele-tse nyenyane - le tsona ke bofokoli.
Phuputso e itse: "Libaesekele tsa motlakase tse tsamaisang thepa li kanna tsa se sebetse hantle joalo ka literaka."Bophahamo ba bona bo fokolang ba thepa bo bolela hore ba ka fokotsa ho tsamaisoa nako le nako ha ba etela, 'me ba tlameha ho laela khafetsa.”
New York City, rakhoebo ea bitsoang Gregg Zuman, mothehi oa Revolutionary Rickshaw, esale a leka ho tlisa libaesekele tsa thepa tsa motlakase ho batho ba bangata lilemong tse 15 tse fetileng.O ntse a sebetsa ka thata.
Maikutlo a pele a Zuman e bile ho theha sehlopha sa libaesekele tse tharo tsa motlakase ka 2005. Seo ha se tsamaellane le holo ea litekesi ea toropo.Ka 2007, Lekala la Likoloi le ile la etsa qeto ea hore libaesekele tsa khoebo li ka khannoa ke batho feela, ho bolelang hore li ke ke tsa khannoa ke likoloi tsa motlakase.Risho ea phetohelo e ile ea emisoa ka lilemo tse fetang leshome.
Selemong se fetileng e bile monyetla oa ho felisa thipa.Batho ba New York, joalo ka baahi ba litoropong lefats'eng ka bophara, ba hoketsoe ke li-scooters tsa seterateng tsa motlakase le libaesekele tse arolelanoang ka motlakase.
Ka December, New York City e ile ea amohela teko ea libaesekele tse tsamaisang thepa ea motlakase Manhattan ke lik'hamphani tse kholo tsa thepa tse kang UPS, Amazon le DHL.Ka nako e ts'oanang, bafani ba litšebeletso tsa maeto ba kang Bird, Uber le Lime ba ile ba sheba 'maraka o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa naha' me ba susumelletsa lekhotla la ketsamolao la mmuso hore le lumelle li-scooters tsa motlakase le libaesekele ka molao.Ka Pherekhong, 'Musisi Andrew Cuomo (D) o ile a theola khanyetso ea hae mme a etsa molao.
Zuman o itse: "Sena se etsa hore re inehele."O ile a bontša hore hoo e batlang e le libaesekele tsohle tsa thepa ea motlakase 'marakeng ke bonyane lisenthimithara tse 48 ka bophara.
Molao oa federal o lula o khutsitse ka taba ea libaesekele tsa thepa ea motlakase.Metseng le literekeng, haeba ho na le melao, e fapane haholo.
Ka Mphalane, Chicago e ile ea e-ba o mong oa litoropo tsa pele tsa ho hlophisa melao.Makhanselara a toropo a amogetse melawana e e letlang dilori tsa motlakase go kgweetsa mo ditseleng tsa dibaesekele.Li na le moeli oa lebelo le phahameng oa 15 mph le bophara ba maoto a 4.Mokhanni o hloka pase ea baesekele 'me baesekele e lokela ho emisoa sebakeng se tloaelehileng sa ho paka.
Likhoeling tse 18 tse fetileng, seqhenqha sa e-commerce le logistics se boletse hore se tsamaisitse libaesekele tse tsamaisang thepa ea motlakase tse ka bang 200 Manhattan le Brooklyn, mme se ikemiselitse ho nts'etsapele moralo haholo.Likhamphani tse ling tsa thepa tse kang DHL le FedEx Corp. le tsona li na le bafofisi ba lifofane tsa e-cargo, empa ha li kholo joalo ka Amazon.
Zuman o itse, "Lilemong tse 'maloa tse tlang, Amazon e tla hola ka potlako' marakeng ona.""Ba tsoha kapele ka pel'a motho e mong le e mong."
Mokhoa oa khoebo oa Amazon o hanana le B-line ea Portland.Ha se shuttle ho tloha ho morekisi ho ea ho lebenkele, empa ho tloha lebenkeleng ho ea ho moreki.Whole Foods Market Inc., lebenkele le rekisoang la tlhaho la Amazon, le isa mabenkele a Brooklyn a Manhattan le Williamsburg.
Ho feta moo, moqapi oa likoloi tsa eona tsa motlakase o boetse o fapane ka ho feletseng, e leng se bontšang hore na indasteri e sebetsa hantle hakae sethaleng sena se senyenyane.
Likoloi tsa Amazon ha se li-tricycle.Ena ke baesekele e tloaelehileng ea motlakase.U ka hula k'haravene, ua e lokolla, 'me ua kena ka kamoreng ea baeti ea mohaho.(Zuman o e bitsa “lekoloana la barui”.) Hoo e ka bang libaesekele tsohle tsa thepa tsa motlakase li etsoa Europe.Linaheng tse ling, libaesekele tsa motlakase li sebelisoa e le stroller kapa tse tsamaisang korosari.
Moralo o hohle 'mapeng.Batho ba bang ba etsa hore mopalami a lule a otlolohile, ha ba bang ba sekame.Ba bang ba beha lebokose la thepa ka morao, ba bang ba beha lebokose ka pele.Tse ling li sebakeng se bulehileng, ha tse ling li thatela mokhanni ka khetla ea polasetiki e bonaletsang ho thibela pula.
Jones, mothehi oa Portland, o boletse hore motse oa Portland ha o hloke lengolo la B-line mme ha o hloke ho lefa litefiso leha e le life.Ho feta moo, molao oa Oregon o lumella libaesekele ho ba le likarolo tse matla tsa thuso ea matla-ho fihla ho li-watts tse 1,000-e le hore baesekele e be le lebelo le lekanang le phallo ea sephethephethe 'me e be le botle ba ho nolofalletsa mang kapa mang ho hloa leralleng.
O ile a re: “Kantle ho tsena, re ne re ke ke ra khona ho hira bapalami ba mefuta-futa, ’me ho ne ho ke ke ha e-ba le nako e tsitsitseng ea ho tsamaisa thepa eo re e boneng.”
Mohala oa B o boetse o na le bareki.Ona ke mokhoa oa ho tlisa lihlahisoa tsa lehae tsa New Seasons Market, e leng mokoloko oa mabenkele a 18 a korosari.Carlee Dempsey, Supply Chain Logistics Manager of New Seasons, o boletse hore morero ona o qalile lilemo tse hlano tse fetileng, a etsa hore B-line e be mokena-lipakeng oa thepa pakeng tsa barekisi ba korosari ba 120 ba lehae.
New Seasons e fa bafani melemo ea tlatsetso: e etsa karolo ea 30% ea litefiso tsa bona tsa line B tseo ba li kolotang.Sena se ba thusa ho qoba barekisi ba kamehla ba korosari ka litefiso tse phahameng.
E mong oa barekisi ba joalo ke Adam Berger, mong'a Portland Company Rollenti Pasta.Pele a qala ho sebelisa B-line, o hloka ho romela ka sekepe ho New Seasons Markets ka compact Scion xB ea hae letsatsi lohle.
O ile a re: “E ne e le sehlōhō feela.”"Kabo ea mile ea ho qetela ke eona e re bolaeang bohle, ebang ke thepa e omileng, lihoai kapa ba bang."
Joale, o ile a nehelana ka lebokose la pasta ho sepalangoang sa B-line 'me a le hata ho ea ntlong ea polokelo bohōle ba lik'hilomithara tse 9.Joale li isoa mabenkeleng a sa tšoaneng ka literaka tse tloaelehileng.
O itse: "Ke tsoa Portland, kahoo sena sohle ke karolo ea pale.Ke moahi oa moo, ke setsebi sa mesebetsi ea matsoho.Ke hlahisa lihlopha tse nyane.Ke batla ho tsamaisa libaesekele hore e sebetse hantle bakeng sa mosebetsi oa ka.”"ho nepahetse."
Liroboto tsa thomello le likoloi tsa ts'ebeliso ea motlakase.Mohloli oa setšoantšo: Starship Technologies (roboto ea thomello) / Ayro (koloi e mengata e mengata)
Setšoantšo se haufi le lisebelisoa tsa botho tsa Starship Technologies le koloi ea motlakase ea Ayro Club Car 411.Starship Technologies (roboto ea thomello) / Ayro (koloi e nang le mesebetsi e mengata)
Bo-rakhoebo ba 'maloa ba supa li-micro-ray ho lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa phano.Arcimoto Inc., moetsi oa likoloi tsa motlakase tse mabili a mararo Oregon, e amohela liodara tsa mofuta oa ho qetela oa Deliverator.Motho e mong ea keneng ke Ayro Inc., moetsi oa teraka e nyane ea motlakase Texas e lebelo le holimo la 25 mph.Hoo e ka bang boholo ba kariki ea kolofo, likoloi tsa eona li tsamaisa line le lijo libakeng tse khutsitseng tsa sephethephethe joalo ka libaka tsa phomolo le likhamphani tsa univesithi.
Empa CEO Rod Keller o boletse hore k'hamphani e se e ntse e theha mofuta o ka tsamaisoang tseleng, o nang le phaposi ea ho boloka lijo tsa motho ka mong.Moreki ke lebenkele la lireschorente tse kang Chipotle Mexican Grill Inc. kapa Panera Bread Co., 'me ba leka ho isa thepa monyako oa moreki ntle le ho lefa litefiso tseo k'hamphani e tsamaisang lijo e li lefisang hona joale.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng ke liroboto tse nyane.San Francisco-based Starship Technologies e nts'etsapele 'maraka oa eona oa makoloi a mabili a tšeletseng, o sa feteng li-coolers tsa biri.Li ka tsamaea sebaka sa 4 miles 'me li loketse maeto a tsela.
Joalo ka Ayro, e qalile khamphaseng empa e ntse e hola.Khamphani e itse webosaeteng ea eona: "Ka ho sebetsa le mabenkele le lireschorente, re tlisa thepa ea lehae ka potlako, e bohlale ebile e boloka chelete e ngata."
Likoloi tsena kaofela li na le li-motor tsa motlakase, tse nang le melemo e latelang: e hloekile, e khutsitse ebile e bonolo ho tjhaja.Empa mahlong a baetsi ba litoropo, karolo ea "koloi" e qalile ho fifatsa meeli eo e leng khale e arola likoloi ho libaesekele.
"U fetotse neng ho tloha baesekeleng ho ea ho koloi?"ho botsa mohoebi oa New York Zuman."Ona ke o mong oa meeli e lerootho eo re tlamehang ho sebetsana le eona."
E 'ngoe ea libaka tseo litoropo tsa Amerika li ka 'nang tsa qala ho nahana ka mokhoa oa ho laola e-freight ke square mile ho Santa Monica, California.
Ketsahalo ena ke Lipapali tsa Liolimpiki tsa Los Angeles tsa 2028 tse tlang.Selekane sa lebatooa se tšepa ho fokotsa ho ntšoa ha lipeipi tsa motlakase libakeng tsa litoropo ka kotara ka kotara ka nako eo, ho kenyeletsoa le sepheo se matla sa ho fetola 60% ea literaka tse tsamaisang thepa ea mahareng hore e be literaka tsa motlakase.Ka Phuptjane selemong sena, Santa Monica e hapile thuso ea $350,000 ho theha sebaka sa pele sa naha sa phano e se nang mosi.
Santa Monica e ke ke ea li lokolla feela, empa hape e boloka li-curbs tse 10 ho isa ho tse 20, 'me ke tsona feela (le likoloi tse ling tsa motlakase) tse ka pakang li-curbs tsena.Ke libaka tsa pele tsa ho paka ka e-cargo tse inehetseng ka har'a naha.Khamera e tla tseba hore na sebaka se sebelisoa joang.
“Ena ke boithuto ba 'nete.Enoa ke mofofisi oa sebele.”ho boletse Francis Stefan, ea okametseng morero ona e le ofisiri e kholo ea motsamao oa Santa Monica.
Sebaka sa toropo sa zero-emission ka leboea ho Los Angeles se kenyelletsa sebaka sa toropo le Third Street Promenade, se seng sa libaka tse phetheselang tsa mabenkele Southern California.
"Ho khetha tsela ke ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe," ho boletse Matt Peterson, molula-setulo oa Transportation Electrification Cooperation Organization e khethileng Santa Monica."U na le bankakarolo ba bangata sebakeng sa lijo, sebaka sa ho tsamaisa thepa, sebaka sa [khoebo ho ea khoebong]."
Morero o ke ke oa qala ka likhoeli tse ling tse tšeletseng, empa litsebi li re likhohlano pakeng tsa libaesekele tse tsamaisang thepa ea motlakase le litselana tse ling tsa libaesekele li ke ke tsa qojoa.
Lisa Nisenson, setsebi sa tsamaiso ea lipalangoang ho WGI, k’hamphani ea meralo ea litšebeletso tsa sechaba, o itse: “Ka tšohanyetso, ho ile ha e-ba le sehlopha sa batho ba neng ba il’o palama, bapalami le bo-rakhoebo.”"E ile ea qala ho tlala."
Moeletsi oa thepa Starr o boletse hore ka lebaka la sebaka sa eona se senyenyane, likepe tsa thepa ea elektronike li ka emisoa ka thōko ho tsela, haholo-holo "sebakeng sa thepa ea ka tlung", se nang le mabokose a poso, li-newsstand, lipalo tsa mabone le lifate.
Empa sebakeng seo se moqotetsane, libaesekele tse tsamaisang thepa tsa motlakase li ntse li tsamaea litseleng tsa mabili a likoloi tse sebelisang hampe litokelo: lithuthuthu tsa motlakase li tumme hampe ka ho sitisa batho ho tsamaea metseng e mengata.
Ethan Bergson, 'muelli oa Lefapha la Lipalangoang la Seattle, o itse: "Ke phephetso ho netefatsa hore batho ba paka ka nepo e le hore ba se ke ba baka litšitiso ho batho ba nang le bokooa ka thoko ho tsela."
Nissensen o boletse hore haeba likoloi tse nyenyane tse tsamaeang ka potlako li ka finyella mokhoa ona, joale metse e ka 'na ea hloka ho etsa sete e le' ngoe ho e-na le seo a se bitsang "li-corridors tse tsamaeang", ke hore, lihlopha tse peli tsa batho ba tloaelehileng le tse ling bakeng sa likhoebo tse nyenyane.
Hape ho na le monyetla karolong e 'ngoe ea sebaka sa asphalt se lahliloeng lilemong tse mashome tsa morao tjena: li-alleys.
"Ho qala ho nahana ka ho khutlela nakong e tlang, ho tlosa mesebetsi e meng ea khoebo ho tloha seterateng se seholo le ho kena ka hare ho naha, moo ho ka 'nang ha se ke ha e-ba le ba tsamaisang lithōle ba utloahalang?"Nisensen a botsa.
Ebile, bokamoso ba phepelo ea matla a manyane bo ka khutlela nakong e fetileng.Bongata ba literaka tsa diesel tse bohlasoa, tse phefumolohang tseo libaesekele tse tsamaisang thepa ea motlakase li batlang ho li nkela sebaka ke tsa UPS, k'hamphani e thehiloeng ka 1907.